March 22, 2026: The Bears Awaken

We had some nice weather this week and it has awakened the bears.  I had a few reports of bears being active, and then yesterday we had a visit from our local bruin ourselves.  Although we have taken down our birdfeeders in spring ever since our first bear visit back in 2009, they still come by every spring - bears have great memories of where they've found food previously, and mama bears pass their knowledge on as they lead their cubs through their range during their first spring and summer.  Also, bears have an excellent sense of smell, and the spent seed shells melted into the snow have an odor that will draw in a bear from a long distance away.  The travels of a bear with snow on the ground can be determined by its footprint which is much different than any other wild animal.  Its appearance is more like a human than any other animal, showing a foot pad and five toes.

It's hard to see with the low contrast, but you make out the foot-like pattern.

The toenails however, are impressive, and distinctly not human-like.

The size of their prints gives a good indication of just how large and powerfull these animals are.

This is just a few  hours after the print was made, so it hasn't melted out to appear larger.

This is not something you want to tangle with - it's time to take down the bird feeders!

The warm weather has melted out the compost pile enough to resume composting - and emit the odors that attract animals.  A raccoon started scoping out the area from a distance.  I love the way raccoons tight-wire walk along tree trunks.  

It came closer as it became a bit bolder.

Eventually it was became brave enough to poke around on the pile.

It wasn't until nighttime that it was ready search for food though, and it invited its mate for assistance.

It took a long time, but eventually they found something in there worth eating.

The raccoon and bear activity was after rain and a few warm days in the 70s followed by a nice cold snap.  That combination, along with the 20" of ice on the lake set the stage for a rare, late winter skating opportunity.

March 18th, the latest in the season I've ever skated on Wicwas.

The ice itself was firm and glassy but the suface was pretty lumpy which encouraged careful skating except for areas where water had puddled before it froze.  The warmth has melted enough snow that the lake is now 14" above full lake level.  But it's the time of year when anything might happen next.  This morning we woke up to snow falling, with several inches forecast to accumlate today.

Ah, spring in New Hampshire!

March 15, 2026: Season of Change

Spring is a season of changes and after a good hard winter with abundant snow, there's a lot of change to happen.  We'll start with Lake Wicwas itself.  It will take a while to melt this year's thick ice, especially with a deep snow pack to insulate it, but the warm March sun (only a week now until the vernal equinox) is starting to do its work even though the first signs may be hidden.  Some of the snow will sublimate directly into the atmosphere, but some will melt and get trapped at the surface of the lake.  One might never know it's happening until a step is taken onto to the lake on a warm day - or a snowmobile passes by.

Snowmobiles on the lake reveal what's hidden under the snow.

Compressing the snow, whether by foot or machine, reveals several inches of watery slush under the snow.  If you keep moving it's not too bad because it takes a moment for the snow to get saturated, but if you stop you can sink deep into wetness.

The slush freezes up when it gets cold enough over night, which happened later in the week.  

I mentioned previously how temperature is stabilized in the subnivean zone at the interface of land and snow; by this time of year with such good snow cover, that open gap is getting big enough for larger animals to hang out down there.  I watched a red squirrel one morning eating bird seed, and ducking down into its safe room whenever something startled it.  At times it would climb up to a high spot to scan for dangers before resuming its meal.  In this video I cut out the long section where it just sat still, observing from its sentry.

My most interesting observation this week was where otters had found their own secret path through the subnivean zone from lake to land where they established a latrine.  They somehow found - or created - an opening some three feet from the lake which they used to emerge from the depths.

The lake is off to the left of the tree.

It's a good size gap between earth and snow that lets an otter pass.

That's a deep, dark hole!

The number of tracks, staining on the snow, and size of the latrine tell me this has had a lot of use.

One more sign of animals digging down under the snow was this hole where a Red Squirrel tunneled down to access one of its caches of pine cones.

The jagged stalks are the spine of the pine cone, called the rachis.

Last night mother nature freshened up the scenery with a couple of inches of new snow, just what we need in March to keep things pretty. 

Heading into late March now, there may not be many more skiing opportunities left around the lake this winter, even with a lot of snow on the ground and 19 inches of ice still in the lake!

It will be while before we see blue water.

March 8, 2026: It's Been a Long Winter

When March comes along we usually see some early signs of spring, but this year, with two feet of snow on the ground, there's not much to see yet.  On a search for promising signs this week, I found mostly remnants from last fall, though these old milkweed plants were pretty on a winter day.

Spent milkweed pods from last summer.

One pod still had seeds in it.

It's interesting how well these stalks hold up through a long winter.  I also found Maleberry bushes with lots of seed pods along the shoreline.

Seed pods on maleberry (Lyonia ligustrina), also known as He-huckleberry.

There were some splashes of bare ground showing on both exposed south-facing slopes and under dense hemlock trees early in the week.

Bare patches of ground under hemlock trees.

These, however, were covered up with snow from this week's nor'easter, but it shows why deer use dense stands of hemlock trees for their winter homes.  The thickly-needled branches catch much of the snow that falls, which subsequently melts before getting to the ground.  This makes travel much easier for heavy bodies on skinny legs with small hooves.  

Meanwhile, the tiniest animals like mice, which have relatively large feet for their body mass, can hop along the top of even light, fluffy snow when they come up to gather birdseed.

While I was poking around in those hemlocks, I discovered another remnant from last year, an old bird nest.

A bird nest in a hemlock tree.

Based on the location and nest construction, I put my money on a Robin's nest.

I found no signs of sugar maples being tapped around the area either, something that's happened as early as mid-February in recent years.  But all wasn't in vain in my first search for spring.  I did find some Red Maple branches that were showing bright red color to usher in the spring season.

And, saving the best for last, the earliest of the spring flowers have sprouted, though these are definitely cheating because they aren't wild, and they were planted under the eaves by a warm foundation.

Snowdrops are emerging as the snowpack recedes.

Still, it's a cheery sight to see, and with 60 degrees in the forecast, they may bloom this week!

March 1, 2026: Warm Winter Homes

During our snowshoe trip through Page Pond last week we found a squirrel nest high in a Black Cherry tree, which caught my attention because I usually see Gray Squirrel nests in oak trees.  A gray squirrel nest can be identified by its location high in a sturdy tree, and almost always constructed with an outer layer of oak leaves.  They usually build their nest in an oak, probably for easy access to their preferred building material, but that isn't always the case as seen in that cherry tree and this pine tree:

A gray squirrel nest in a sturdy White Pine.

I've often wondered how a nest made of leaves placed high in the bare branches of an oak can survive through winter with the wind tearing at it for months - let alone how a squirrel can keep warm in there when it's 10 degrees below zero with a northwest wind howling.  And doesn't the resident get wet when it rains?  I found the answers to my questions in a book titled "Winter World" by Bernd Heinrich. [HarperCollins, 2003]  Heinrich explains that the gray squirrel builds its nest in the summer when the oak leaves are still green. 

In this nest - which is in an oak tree - some leaves still show some green color.

It chews off branches with the leaves still on them, brings them to the construction site, and then weaves them together to form the frame of the nest.  Thus the leaves are securely attached to the branch because without completing the fall leaf progression, the chemical process that released leaves from a tree doesn't take place.  They turn brown, but they stay secured to the branch, and that's how the nest survives the wind.

Here we can see branches woven together.

Next the squirrel will chew off green leaves which it layers and knits together inside the frame in a shingle-like manner to shed rain and snow melt, explaining how it keeps dry.  Finally, it will chew up soft woody material, bring it to the nest, and attach it to the green leaves all around to create a thick internal layer of insulation.  Heinrich doesn't say where the entrance hole is, but I expect it's near the bottom on the side away from the prevailing wind.  So inside that apparent random collection of oak leaves is a tight, dry, insulated home for the squirrel.  And that's important since squirrels mate in late winter with their offspring born in early spring.

With all that said, gray squirrels will also make a nest in a tree cavity for their winter home and raising their first of two litters.  But I know they were using the nest I saw in the White Pine because someone was up there making a racket - that's the only reason I found it - I went looking to see what was making all that noise.  I wouldn't otherwise look in a pine tree for a squirrel nest.

Red Squirrels have a similar nesting method and schedule, though there are notable differences.  Red squirrels nest lower in trees, and for some reason, tend to pick small, flexible trees.  This may be to discourage larger predators from climbing up to raid their nest.  Or maybe they just like to be swayed to sleep as the wind blows the tree around.

Here's another example of a red squirrel nest I've seen.

Did you notice the invasive bittersweet climbing all the trees?  😞  

As well as squirrels build protective nests, they alone are not enough to keep them warm in winter; they must eat constantly in order to burn enough calories to generate heat to keep them warm.  Small animals, unlike the large species such as moose, deer, and even beavers, don't have enough body mass to store much fat to burn during the winter.  But many small mammals, the red squirrel included, have a special attribute: it builds small stores of brown fat around its internal organs.  Unlike the more typical white fat, brown fat has a high rate of oxidation when burned which creates a lot of heat.  It's this heat that keeps the red squirrel warm on the especially cold days when it won't venture out to access the food stores it collected over the fall season.  To fuel its heat generating needs, a single red squirrel will need to collect thousands of pine cones in its winter pantries.  

A Red Squirrel's hoard of White Pine cones collected in the fall.

We don't see red squirrels as often as the gray, but this one has been visiting in the warmer weather this week (we saw 40 degrees!), happy to collect the easy pickings of all the bird seed its best friend the white-breasted Nuthatch shovels out of the birdfeeder onto the snow.

Gobbling up a high fat content sunflower seed.

The high energy content in sunflower seeds will regenerate its fat stores while reducing the depletion of its cone collection.  Red squirrels are fun to watch, but they can't top the antics of the gray squirrels.

Ah, yes, bright sun and 40 degrees - spring is here!  Meteorological spring that is.  March first is considered by meteorologists as when the weather patterns are more spring-like than winter-like.  There is still plenty of winter left in New Hampshire, and March is often the best time to enjoy winter activities such as skiing, snowshoeing, ice fishing, or just a walk on a pretty trail.  The WOW trail in Laconia is a prime candidate, just bring some traction devices for your boots.  Other options are the many snowmobile trails in the area, such as the trail between Lake Wicwas and Lake Winnisquam.  For those you'll need snowshoes.

The bog in the Chemung State Forest between Lake Wicwas and Lake Winnisquam.

With the deep snow cover and thick ice on the lakes, it will be an excellent season to enjoy your favorite winter activities!

Snowshoeing Page Pond

This was supposed to be a post about winter tracking in the Page Pond Town Forest, but old man winter had other plans - and I'm not complaining!  We woke up to another gorgeous winter wonderland with about six inches of fresh powder, which made for a beautiful excursion through pristine snow.

Entering a winter paradise.

A group of ten intrepid snowshoers braved the trip through unbroken snow, up the field, down to Page Pond, and all the way to the mill dam.

 I forgot to take a picture of the dam, but here's one from a prior year.

The historical mill dam which powered an up-and-down sawmill on Meredith Neck.

New snow meant all the animal tracks were covered up; all we could identify were deer, which punched deeply into the snow, and a few gray squirrel tracks.  Even woodpecker chips and red squirrel debris had been hidden.  But by the time we were heading back to the trailhead there were bits of birch tree catkins lying on the fresh snow where the goldfinches had already been feeding on the tiny seeds within the catkins.

A goldfinch extracting seeds from a catkin on a birch tree beside the field.

The best wildlife moment was a large flock of mixed birds feeding on fruit trees right near the trailhead.

Three cedar waxwings frame a single robin, all plucking apples from the tree.

The larger robins had caught my eye first.

But then I saw there were more cedar waxwings than robins.

A colorful cedar waxwing brightens up a winter day.

Cedar waxwings are fruit eaters, so are likely to be found around old farmsteads and fields, such as those at Page Pond, where there are apple trees, Autumn Olive trees, and of course, plenty of Oriental Bittersweet.  Unfortunately, when cedar waxwings eat bittersweet fruit, the seeds are aren't digested, but pass right through them, which means they spread this invasive species far and wide throughout their range of travel.  

American Robins in summer eat almost exclusively invertebrates such as earthworms, grubs, and insects.  But in winter they turn into frugivories, meaning fruit eaters.  Like several other birds that used to migrate out of New Hampshire in the winter, robins have been resident here year-round since the late 1990s, partly due to warmer winters, and partly due to the prevalence of ornamental fruit trees planted by homeowners.  This was yet another discovery that resulted from the Audubon backyard bird count.  

While we're on the bird watch, I'll share a photo of a red-tailed hawk I saw last weekend (thank you RB for help with identification.)

It flew out of the trees and over the staging area of the Laconia Sled Dog races just as the dogs started getting excited and loud as they were lining up for the start.  The hawk either didn't like the noise, or knew that the racket would send any potential lunch prospects running for cover.

So there wasn't much tracking to be done at this winter's Meredith Conservation Commission guided snowshoe tour, but nobody complained given the beautiful winter scenes through which we trekked.

The top of the field at Barnard Ridge Road with the Belknap Mountains in the background.

Thank you all for joining  the trip!

February 15, 2026: Sled Dog Championship

We hit the winter trifecta this year:  Pond Hockey, Fishing Derby, and this weekend, the World Championship Sled Dog Derby.

Pulling hard in the Six-Dog Classic race on Saturday.

This year was the 97th running of this championship race event, and the conditions were perfect.  The snow was deep, firm, and dry, and the track packed down well.  It seemed like the teams were moving fast this year.

We went on Saturday morning to see the 6-dog competition.  The teams went out on the track at two minutes intervals, and the starts were exciting as the handlers did their best to keep the highly energized, impatient athletes in place waiting for the starting gun.

The starting line is loud and hectic with the dogs barking relentlessly as if saying "let's go already!"  But when they finally get released, the team becomes silent, and it's all business.

Almost time

And...  they're off!

Teams in the unlimited class, which ran in the afternoon, can have a dozen or more dogs, but even the six-dog teams go fast.  (I left the audio track in so you'll get the international flavor of the event.)

There's a wide range of breeds that run; I think this was the most handsome team.

By the time the teams are are coming back to the finish line, their demeanor is not quite as enthusiastic as at the start, and long dangling tongues prove they put all their effort into the race for their musher.  Here's the same team at the start, and then at the finish:

Start

Finish

Here's another team:

The start

And the finish

Snow plastered on the faces of the second and third row shows why it pays to work hard to be the lead dog!

The races continue today with the six-dog Classic at 10:00, the three-dog Juniors at 12:00, the one-dog Juniors at 12:40, and the unlimited at 1:30.  The best place to watch is the start-finish line right across from the State School on North Main Street in Laconia.

I'll close with a status of my bird count through Saturday:

7 black-capped chickadees, 3 tufted titmice, 3 white-breasted nuthatches, 2 red-breasted nuthatches, 1 downy woodpecker, 1 hairy woodpecker, and 1 red-bellied woodpecker  

Nothing unexpected, but it was nice for the Red-bellied Woodpecker to make an appearance.

I saw no goldfinches, juncos, mourning doves, or even squirrels, but there's still today to observe.  Tom Crane has all the doves this winter - here's a photo he took:

I count 18 mourning doves enjoying the sun in Tom's yard over looking Lake Wicwas.

So we're at the end the major winter events in the Lakes Region, though the Alton Bay Ice Runway is still operational, and next Saturday, the Meredith Conservation Commission is leading a guided snowshoe trip at the Page Pond Town forest, and there are still a couple of spots available.  If you're interested you can find the details on the Meredith Conservation Commission website here.